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In foothill riparian and oak woodlands in the southern Sierra Nevada, nests occurred in California sycamore (Platanus racemosa, 5%),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ponderosa pine (5%), and several oaks (88%) including interior live oak (Q. wislizenii, 34%), California black oak (Q. kelloggii, 22%), and canyon live oak (20%) [21]. In oak woodland and coniferous forests of the southern Sierra Nevada, California spotted owls selected giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and California black oak trees, with nests occurring in these species significantly (P<0.05) more often than their relative abundance[20]. Habitat associations in Arizona and New Mexico, 50% of nests were in Douglas-fir, 20% in Gambel oak, and 19% in white fir. A study in ponderosa pine-Gambel oak communities found 6 of 11 nests in Gambel oak and the rest in ponderosa pine, while in the Tularosa Mountains of New Mexico, 78% of nests were in Douglas-fir, 11% were in white fir, 7% were in ponderosa pine,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and 4% were in southwestern white pine [27].
Many of the habitat characteristics discussed in the Preferred Habitat section have been observed in the area immediately around nest sites. For instance, overhead cover at northern and California spotted owl nest sites is high [20][30][52].[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] In oak woodlands above-nest foliage volumes of >900 m3 in a 0.12 acre (0.05-ha) plot around nest sites were associated with greater reproductive output [20]. Tree density was also higher near California spotted owl nest sites in the Sierra Nevada[20][52][71]. Snags [52] and coarse woody debris [13] are also more abundant near some spotted owl nest locations.
Some spotted owl nest sites are used repeatedly.[30] California spotted owls may use the same nest annually, rotate the nests used, or use new nests each year. Nests in oak woodland and coniferous forests of the southern Sierra Nevada used in 3 or more seasons had reproductive outputs more than twice those of nests used only once[20].[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Although nests can be used multiple times, the attrition rate may be high. Over the course of an 8-year study in the Coast and Cascade Ranges in western Oregon, 17% of nest sites deteriorated to the extent that they were no longer usable [30].